{"id":657,"date":"2012-02-21T21:15:01","date_gmt":"2012-02-21T13:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/?p=657"},"modified":"2025-10-06T11:36:47","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T03:36:47","slug":"%e6%8a%bd%e6%a8%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/archives\/657","title":{"rendered":"\u62bd\u6a23"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u578b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5982\uff1aTASA\uff09\u5efa\u7f6e\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u7a2e\u62bd\u6a23\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\uff08A\uff09\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff08B\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\u62bd\u6a23\uff08C\uff09\u5206\u5c64\u6bd4\u4f8b\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff08D\uff09\u53e2\u96c6\u62bd\u6a23\u301097\u53f0\u5317\u7e23\u570b\u4e2d\u3011<\/p>\n

\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848: C
\n[ad#300*250(pic)][ad#300*250(pic)]
\n1.\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff08simple random sampling\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53eb\u7d14\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u3002\u5f9e\u7e3d\u9ad4N\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e2d\u96a8\u6a5f\u5730\u62bd\u53d6n\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5bb9\u91cf\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u88ab\u62bd\u4e2d<\/span>\u3002\u7279\u9ede\u662f\uff1a\u6bcf\u500b\u6a23\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u88ab\u62bd\u4e2d\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u6bcf\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u5b8c\u5168\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7121\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u548c\u6392\u65a5\u6027\u3002\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u5404\u7a2e\u62bd\u6a23\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u7e3d\u9ad4\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e4b\u9593\u5dee\u7570\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u5c0f\u548c\u6578\u76ee\u8f03\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u63a1\u7528\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u4e4bEPSEM \u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ea6\u5e38\u662f\u6700\u96e3\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u70ba\u5c07\u6bcd\u7fa4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u6216\u500b\u6848?\u6210\u4e00\u540d\u55ae\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u4fdd\u8b49\u8b93\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u500b\u6848\u6709\u5747\u7b49\u6a5f\u6703\u88ab\u9078\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f?\u62bd\u9078\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u7cfb\u7d71\u62bd\u6a23\uff08systematic sampling\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u7a31\u7b49\u8ddd\u62bd\u6a23\u3002\u5c07\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u55ae\u4f4d\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5728\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u96a8\u6a5f\u5730\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u4f5c\u70ba\u521d\u59cb\u55ae\u4f4d<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6309\u4e8b\u5148\u898f\u5b9a\u597d\u7684\u898f\u5247\u78ba\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u6a23\u672c\u55ae\u4f4d\u3002\u5148\u5f9e\u6578\u5b571\u5230k\u4e4b\u9593\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u53d6\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b57r\u4f5c\u70ba\u521d\u59cb\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f8c\u4f9d\u6b21\u53d6r+k\u3001r+2k\u2026\u2026\u7b49\u55ae\u4f4d<\/span>\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c21\u4fbf\uff0c\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u53ea\u8981\u6c42\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u672c\u500b\u6848\u662f?\u7528??\u8868\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u500b\u6848\u5247\u662f\u4f9d\u6b21\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u62bd\u6a23\u9593\u8ddd\u53d6\u5f97\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u5206\u5c64\u62bd\u6a23\uff08stratified sampling\uff09\u3002\u5c07\u62bd\u6a23\u55ae\u4f4d\u6309\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u5fb5\u6216\u67d0\u7a2e\u898f\u5247\u5283\u5206\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u4e2d\u7368\u7acb\u3001\u96a8\u6a5f\u5730\u62bd\u53d6\u6a23\u672c\u3002\u5f9e\u800c\u4fdd\u8b49\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u7e3d\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6bd4\u8f03\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002
\n\u5982\u679c\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u6027\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5148\u5c07\u6bcd\u7fa4\u4f9d\u6b64\u7279\u6027\u5206?\uff0c<\/span>\u5373\u5206\u6210strata\uff08\u5206\u5c64\uff09\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6700\u5e38\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5206\u5c64\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f9d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e4b\u6bd4?\uff08\u598210%\uff09\u505a\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23<\/span>\u3002?\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u653f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u4f9d?\u7d1a\u5206\u6210\u56db\u5c64\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u6b21\u62bd1%\u7684\u5b78\u751f<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u6cd5\u4e4b\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5e38\u5e38\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u7279\u6027\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00?\u4eba\u5f88\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u5148\u5206\u5c64\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4fdd\u8b49\u62bd\u5230\u6b64?\u4eba<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u653f\u5927\u50d1\u751f\u548c\u975e\u50d1\u751f\u4e4b\u67d0\u7a2e\u614b?\uff0c\u50d1\u751f\u4eba?\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u5148\u5206\u5c64\u5373\u53ef\u62bd\u5230\u50d1\u751f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u6574\u7fa4\u62bd\u6a23\uff08cluster sampling\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u7a31\u53e2\u96c6\u62bd\u6a23\u3002\u5c07\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4e2d\u82e5\u5e72\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\u5408\u4f75\u70ba\u7d44\uff0c\u62bd\u6a23\u6642\u76f4\u63a5\u62bd\u53d6\u7fa4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5c0d\u4e2d\u9078\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u55ae\u4f4d\u5168\u90e8\u5be6\u65bd\u8abf\u67e5<\/span>\u3002\u62bd\u6a23\u6642\u53ea\u9700\u7fa4\u7684\u62bd\u6a23\u6846\uff0c\u53ef\u7c21\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff0c\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u4f30\u8a08\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8f03\u5dee\u3002
\n\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e7e\u7a2e\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u8981\u505a\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u540d\u55ae\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5e38\u662f\u505a?\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u4f60\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u53f0?\u5e02\u4e4b\u67d0\u7a2e\u614b?\u6216?\u70ba\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5168\u90e8\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u540d\u55ae\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f?\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6975\u8cbb\u5de5\u592b\u53ca\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u53e2\u96c6\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u5247\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b78\u6821\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u5148\u4ee5\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u62bd\u51fa?\u5e72\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u6bcf\u500b\u5b78\u6821\u518d\u4ee5\u73ed\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u62bd\u51fa?\u5e72\u73ed\uff0c\u6bcf\u73ed\u518d\u62bd\u51fa?\u5e72\u4eba<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u53e2\u96c6(cluster)\u4ee5\u6b64?\u5373\u53ef\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u53e2\u96c6\u62bd\u6a23\u6d89\u53ca\u5148\u62bd\u9078\u500b\u6848\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5718\u9ad4\u6216\u5340\u57df\uff08\u5373\u53e2\u96c6\uff09\uff0c\u800c?\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u62bd\u9078\u500b\u4eba<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u62bd\u6a23\u904e\u7a0b\u5e38\u5206\u6210\u5e7e\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u3002
\n\u7531\u65bccluster sampling \u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00cluster \u7684\u5927\u5c0f?\u540c\uff0c\u4e14\u5e38\u9700\u7d93\u591a\u968e\u6bb5\u4e4b\u62bd\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u62bd\u6a23?\u6703\u6709\u767c\u751f\u8aa4\u5dee\u7684\u6a5f?\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5?\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9078\u51fa?\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e4b\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u62bd\u6a23\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u62bd\u6a23\u8aa4\u5dee(sampling error)\u6703\u8f03\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u8981\u5927<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u9078\u6a23\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7bc4\u4f8b\u8a66\u984c\uff1a
\n\u5c0d\u65bc\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e0b\u5217\u4f55\u8005\u6b63\u78ba\uff1f\uff08A\uff09\u6bcd\u7fa4\u9ad4\u8f03\u540c\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u7528\u5206\u5c64\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff08B\uff09\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u62bd\u6a23\u55ae\u4f4d\u5f88\u5c11\u6642\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u63a1\u7528\u53e2\u96c6\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\uff08C\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\u62bd\u6a23\u6cd5\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5747\u7b49\u548c\u7368\u7acb\u539f\u5247\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08D\uff09\u7fa4\u9ad4\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u77e5\u62bd\u6a23\u55ae\u4f4d\u7684\u6578\u76ee\u6642\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u63a1\u7528\u5206\u5c64\u96a8\u6a5f\u62bd\u6a23\u301096\u4e2d\u5340\u570b\u5c0f\u3011
\n\u6b63\u78ba\u7b54\u6848: C<\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e901<\/a>
\n\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e902<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5927\u578b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u7d1a\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5982\uff1aTASA\uff09\u5efa\u7f6e\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u4f55\u7a2e\u62bd\u6a23\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f\uff08A\uff09\u7c21\u55ae\u96a8\u6a5f … \u95b1\u8b80\u5168\u6587 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-teacher_exam_notebook"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myclass-lin.org\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}